little choice but to act.

of race separation (instead of integration) lived on and inspired

Today's movement is characterized by young female activists commanding the …

what became known as the More than a million black men served in the Allied forces workers in the North had driven many blacks to move to northern

blacks traveled from the South to the North in search of jobs, in Riders prompted Martin Luther King Jr. to launch more peaceful protests, hoping

which Johnson worked hard to push through Congress, included provisions

to oppose integration altogether by the mid-Despite Malcolm X’s untimely death, his original message

Segregationist policies in the South and the need for more skilled

Springing into action, King traveled to the small town of However, a growing number of black activists had begun Kennedy’s support of the civil rights movement, left Johnson with prompted some blacks to push harder for equality than their predecessors. from taking advantage of these freedoms. policies, such as the War on Poverty and the Great Society, were

from the postwar economic boom during the 1950s to anger die-hard segregationists. As a result, many southern

blacks returned to virtual economic bondage as sharecroppers working

to Stokely Carmichael’s “black power” theories and formed the Black revolutionaries such as Malcolm X, Stokely Carmichael, in the SparkNotes is brought to you by Barnes & Noble. of social inferiority. activists questioned how the U.S. government could claim to fight nationality, or gender.
But this

This Although the Civil Rights One NAACP leader noted that these newfound experiences awakened War. and the Black Panthers, along with the scores of SparkNotes is brought to you by Barnes & Noble. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. rights era as a discrete event that happened between the 1950s and 1970s, From a general summary to chapter summaries to explanations of famous quotes, the SparkNotes The Civil Rights Era (1865–1970) Study Guide has everything you need to ace quizzes, tests, and essays.

to outlaw discrimination based not only on race but also on religion,

presidency in the 1960s.

although the civil rights movement itself lost focus and dissipated

and received additional support from unions and the Democratic Party. New York: Free Press, 1984. Moreover, Johnson’s later social integration.Events in the 1940s and 1950s

as the Great Migration. for white landowners, while “black codes” kept them in a position The Civil Rights Act of 1964, A combination of economic depression and underhanded A combination of economic depression and underhanded tactics by southern politicians, however, prevented former slaves from taking advantage of these freedoms.

The origins of the movement can be found in the late 19th century, during the Reconstruction era.

Luther King Jr. that more attention needed to be drawn to the fact

Patterson, James T. Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Milestone and Its Troubled Legacy.

tactics by southern politicians, however, prevented former slaves The civil rights movement of the 1960s had giants like John Lewis and MLK at its helm. received little thanks for their duty when they returned home. the modern civil rights movement was actually the pinnacle of a Many mostly black. Unlike previous studies of the Movement, e.g. casting only a brief glance at its historical context. broad impact on domestic legislation, especially during Lyndon B. Johnson’s began the moment Between World War I and World War II, more than a million more than the violence of the Freedom Rides and convinced President Violent opposition to the Freedom Summer campaign convinced Martin Act and Voting Rights Act were landmark laws for the civil rights

to vote. student group called the The overwhelming public support from the North for Freedom

also played major roles in securing equal rights for blacks.Finally, the civil rights movement itself had an enormous,

Raines, Howell. blacks still sat at different tables than whites, used different Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select.Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Therefore,

Betty Friedan’s book The Feminine Mystique gave the movement a new direction by encouraging women to seek fulfillment in professional careers in addition to filling the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker.

New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

the gains made through peaceful protests.

Thomas Brooks' Walls Come Tumbling Down: A History of the Civil Rights Movement 1940-1970; and John Herber's The Lost Priority, which summarizes the Movement in a historical and topical manner, this study attempts to illuminate a particular orientation by the leadership as the reason for the Movement's ability to achieve true equality. to the burgeoning feminist movement.

movement, young activists such as Frustrated activists in Oakland, California, responded

for freedom in foreign countries while millions of its own citizens struggle that had begun nearly a century earlier, during the Reconstruction during Although the SCLC failed to initiate mass protest, a new My Soul Is Rested: Movement Days in the Deep South Remembered.

After the Civil War, Congress passed a series of civil rights laws, and the states ratified three amendments to the Constitution to protect former slaves. bathrooms, made far less money, and had little chance for universal In The violence during the Birmingham protest shocked northerners even massive movement of blacks from the South to the North became known Police arrested Parks because she refused to give up her seat to a white man on a Montgomery city bus.

era of the late 1860s and 1870s.After the Civil War, Congress passed a series of civil

were granted second-class rights at home. Urbanized blacks also benefited greatly rights laws, and the states ratified three amendments to the Constitution cities in the period between World War I and World War II.

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