In other words, skills and habits are established not for themselves alone, but for their use in some meaningful larger whole.It is a necessary process in the assimilation of types of data which are known to be essential in carrying on life activities. Gestalt psychology is by no means new but it has extended considerable influence upon educational procedure.The many defects of our school work may be attributed to the neglect of this integration phase of learning. According to this theory, unless the learner can be involved in the situation, unless he can be guided to think, to feel, and to act in ways appropriate to the situations, it is not possible for him to learn these reactions.This simply means that the child learns what he lives, accepts it, to live by and that he learns this response in the degree that he understands and accepts it.To the progressivists, practice alone, even when carried to unusual limits, does not take the place of the learner’s being involved in what he is doing.
Learning is the process of acquiring new understanding, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, attitudes, and preferences. Change may also refer to innovation, elimination, or modification of responses.Change, when considered in terms of learning, is essentially a modification of behaviour. Gestalt means pattern, shape, form, or configuration.It implies that a set of stimulating circumstances takes place according to the relative value of various stimuli acting at the same time. This explanation of learning assumes that certain satisfiers and annoyers are fundamental and are supposed to be natural to the organism.A satisfying state of affairs is defined as a condition which the animal does nothing to avoid and frequently takes step to maintain, and an annoying state of affairs is one which the animal does not attempt to maintain and often, to use.These laws have been criticized by psychologists on the ground that they are but laws of habit formation and nothing more.
-Learning is a process of actively constructing knowledge. Responses were said to be made directly to the situations as sensed.To Thomdike, man’s learning is fundamentally the action of the laws of readiness, exercise, and effect. A process that people pass through to acquire new knowledge and skills and ultimately influence their attitudes, decisions and actions.
The concepts of learning and memory are relevant in identifying how plants respond to external cues, a behavior necessary for survival. It insists that pupils should be made conscious of the goals toward which they are striving and implies that these goals must not be set beyond the maturation level of the learner.This school of thought minimizes the importance of practical and other routine procedures designed to bring about a day-by-day improvement. The believers of this theory localized various psychological functions in different areas of the cortex.Learning, thinking, and reasoning were usually allotted to the frontal lobes. In other words, the teacher is to set up situations in which the child can successful accomplish the task set for him-this is in order that the pupil should not become conditioned to failure.This idea originated from Watson’s suggestions regarding the cultivation of emotional responses, and Thomdike’s doctrine of the formation of S-O-R bonds. This doctrine held that the mind was a unit with several separate powers or faculties.
Today, it’s understoodThere was also a time when learning was understood as a linear process, a progression through different ages and stages. Considering the integrative learning from the viewpoint of the laws of learning, association is found to be one of the most important factors in unifying the old and the new experiences.The prevailing emphasis on insight, generalization, integration, and their related principles is the result of the increasing influence of Gestalt psychology. This point of view recognizes that the whole is more than the sum of its parts, or that the whole gets fits meaning from the parts. Teaching is the input and learning is the output. Learning is the Process of Acquiring Information.
If an environment is static and change does not or rarely occurs, then learning is simply unnecessary.
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