As Rome started to expand, it slowly embraced the Estimates range wildly because census data was imprecise and there is some disagreement over how many federated tribes had settled permanently in Roman lands during the Mid to late Empire.Caesar is said to have spent "huge portions of the wealth he accumulated in his victorious wars... on celebrating Triumphs... [and] on erecting magnificent buildings". This civil guard created a limited strategic reserve, one that fared poorly in actual warfare. While these problems existed to a greater of lesser degree, since the end of the 2nd century, their effects were accelerated by the reforms of the emperors Constantine and Diocletian. This structure led to farming becoming the job of the border troops so that they could feed as well as protect those on the frontier. The most straightforward theory for Western Rome’s collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces. They brought to the task and were protected by the authority of the state. Some of them are a weak military, poor political leadership, political corruption, pressure on the borders by invading forces, and a poor economy. The idea was the Rome was far too large for any one man to hold power over, so now there were two emperors.
Unable to recruit enough soldiers from the Roman citizenry, emperors like Diocletian and Constantine began hiring foreign mercenaries to prop up their armies. Loyalty was to the Roman state but pride was based in the soldier's unit, to which was attached a military standard − in the case of the legions a legionary eagle. Most importantly, the strength of the Eastern Empire served to divert Barbarian invasions to the West. Rome’s economy depended on slaves to till its fields and work as craftsmen, and its military might had traditionally provided a fresh influx of conquered peoples to put to work.
Constant wars and overspending had significantly lightened imperial coffers, and oppressive taxation and inflation had widened the gap between rich and poor. A large number of the population could not be taxed because they were slaves or held Roman citizenship, both of which exempted them from taxation.Of the Western Empire's taxable population, a larger number than in the East could not be taxed because they were "primitive subsistence peasant[s]"The military capability of Rome – its preparedness or readiness – was always primarily based upon the maintenance of an active fighting force acting either at or beyond its military frontiers, something that historian Luttwak refers to as a "thin linear perimeter.The Empire's system of building an extensive and well-maintained road network, as well as its absolute command of the Mediterranean for much of its history, enabled a primitive form of The Roman military had an extensive logistical supply chain. Since the cavalry were the most mobile unit of the army, they began to be the favored military unit. But by the time the west fell, the east wasn’t really Roman at all. It included at various times stabbing daggers and swords, stabbing or thrusting swords, long thrusting spears or pikes, lances, light throwing javelins and darts, slings, and bow and arrows. These reforms changed Roman life as well as the face of the Roman army, moving it away from its classical infantry-based structure to a more cavalry-based system. The political rot also extended to the Roman Senate, which failed to temper the excesses of the emperors due to its own widespread corruption and incompetence.
According to Hugh Elton, Roman equipment gave them "a distinct advantage over their barbarian enemies." The result was less manpower available for Rome. Rome eventually fell primarily because of the corruption in politics, the weakening army, and numerous barbarian attacks. Ernest Hemingway and A Farewell To Arms
They think that factors like monetary, religious and military problems were responsible for the fall. In fact, many of the barbarians who sacked the city of Rome and brought down the Western Empire had earned their military stripes while serving in the Roman legions.Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you.Find out why one of history's most legendary empires finally came crashing down.© 2020 A&E Television Networks, LLC.
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